What does idiopathic Parkinson’s mean?

In 2016, What did Dorsey et al proposed as the estimated number of people who had Parkinson’s Globally?

What is the average age bracket of someone diagnosed with Parkinson’s?

What parts of the brain does Parkinson’s affect?

People with tremor dominant Parkinson's Disease will often follow a more severe disease course than non-tremor patients.

Tremor is thought to be linked to altered activity in the basal ganglia and the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit. Helmich et al (2012) suggested a 'dimmer-switch' model of resting tremor and the interaction of these 2 systems. How do they interact?

Jacobs et al (2009) examined anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) prior to protective steps induced by a forward loss of balance in people with PD and FOG, compared to healthy control subjects.

Control subjects mostly responded to the perturbation with a single APA, but no step and PD subjects mostly responded with 2 to 5 APAs followed by a step or a fall.

Multiple APAs delayed the onset of a protective step in the PD group

The authors suggest that FOG is related to a disturbance of coupling a normal postural preparation for a step to the swing phase of a step.

Schoneburg et al describes a framework for understanding balance dysfunction in people with Parkinson's Disease. Which of the following statements is/are true?

People with severe Parkinson's Disease find it difficult standing on an unstable surface with their eyes closed. This is due to vestibular dysfunction?

What is the name of the neurotransmitter which progressively depletes in Parkinson’s Disease?

What are the three hallmark motor signs of Parkinson’s disease which are used to aid diagnosis?

Select the main principles required in exercise training to drive neuro-protection